Runway Design (Perencanaan Landasan Pacu)

The most important facility in the airport is a Runway (in Indonesian call landasan or landas pacu). We can not operate the airport without any runway, otherwise we can operate the airport without the taxiway or Apron, particularly for small airport. Length and width of the runway is depend on the type of the aircraft (biggest or critical aircraft) to be operate in a airport, and also some other factor affect the length of the runway are elevation, local temperatur and runway slope.

Refer to ICAO Annex 14, Table 1.1 Aerodrome Reference Code, devided the aerodrome become Code Number 1 to 4, Number 4 for runway length 1800 and over, Also the aircraft classified become Code Letter A to F depend on the wing span, for Boeing 747-400 have wing span 65m called Code Letter E.

Runway length and width;
The length of the runway shall be calculated base on the critical aircraft specification or performance graph and added the converstion of elevation above mean sea level, temperature and longitudinal slope. For example runway lnegth 3000m can operate critical aircraft B747-400, as at Ngurah Rai International Airport -Bali also at Sultan Iskandarmuda Airport - Aceh -Indonesia

The width of the runway for operate the aircraft with Code Letter E and Code Number 4 shall be 45 m (refer same Annex section 3.1.9). The shoulder of the runway for same Code letter and number shall be 7.5 m at both side, so total width of the runway become 60.0 m ( as shown on the picture)

Runway Strip
The runway strip at both side of the runway shall be slope to the drain system 2.5 % and shall be planted grass. No any fix structure shall be allowed on the runway strip more than 30 cm high except for the navigation or meteorology equipments. The width of runway strip shall be 150 m from the center line of the runway to both side of the runway, for instrument and precision runway Code letter 3 or 4. .

Airport Facilities (Fasilitas Bandara)

Before I will provide the detail the main facilities of the airport, important to know what kind of facilities that have to be provided or constructed in the international airport. The facilities of the big and international airport shall be as follows :
Airport area devided in 2 (two) sides called airside and landside. Airside area for the aircraft operation, it's restricted area. Landside area is for public area like car parking, access road for passanger departure and arrival, supporting facilities/building.

Airside area :
1. Runway ; paved runway for take-off and landing purpose of the aircraft
2. Runway strip ; un-paved area at both side of the paved runway, shall be grassing as a safety area of the runway
3. Runway Thereshold and safety area at both edge of the runway
4.Taxiway ; paved access for the aircraft taxiing to and exit the runway. There are parallel and exit taxiway or also rapid exit taxiway.
5. Apron ; this facility usually pave by concrete slab for parking of the aircraft, push back and also apron taxilane
6. Apron access road ; for operation of the ground equipment, airport bus and others
7. ALS (airfield lighting system) and Approach Lighting System
8. DVOR ; Dopler Very High frequency Omni Radio range
9. AWOS (Automatic Weather Observation System) ;
10. Control Tower building that complete with air traffic service equipment or radio communication.
11. Terminal Building ; check-in counter area, waiting lounge area
12. Fire fighting trucks and other supporting facilities

Landside Area;

Landside facilities are :
1. Carpark, buspark, motorcycle
2. Access road
3. Terminal Building Domestic and International for Departure and Arrival
4. Security building
5. Clinic
6. others

Airport Engineering

Airport Engineering (Teknik Bandara)
Airport engineering is complex engineering or sciense, if you want to build a new international airport or carry out expansion, you will need so many engineer (integrated) that will involve the engineers as follows : civil, structure, architecture/building, mechanical, electrical, fuel, electronic, navigation, meteorological and also economic. For design and construction of new international airport you will have to provide some study like : feasibility Study, Basic Design, Master Planning, Detail engineering etc.

ICAO (international Civil Aviation Organization) and FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) provide many standards and references that you have to provide before carry out design and construction of the new airport. ICAO issued reference standard from Annex 1 to Annex 18 and also for design reference. These ICAO standard can not download from the internet, you have to registered or buy. For FAA reference you can download free from the website of FAA, http://www.faa.gov/.

In the next article I will upload some design and construction procedure/practice of the airport infrastructures like runway, taxiway apron and other facilities, especially for the students or colleges to improve their knowledge regarding the airport engineering, construction and operation.

My Brief Profile

My complete name is I Made Utarka, I was born in Tabanan District - Bali Island , its famous as a paradise island or island with thousand of Temples (locally call "Pura"). My village name is Central Tunjuk Village of Tabanan District, it's about 8 km to northern area from the city.





I have graduated from Brawijaya University - Malang - east Java - Indonesia, civil engineering faculty on 1986 and then let me inform my brief working experience :


- since 2008 until now working as construction management for Eastkal Supply Base Project,


an infrastructure construction project including jetty, warehouses, yards and others facilities.


- on 2006 until 2008 I was working in Aceh Province in UNDP (United Nations Development


Programme) as Technical assistance for BRR (Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency of


Indonesian Government), handling all airports in Aceh to prepare development program, bid


document and const. management,


- on 2002 until 2005 working for Advance Traffic Service Centre - Hasanuddin airport


project -Ujung Pandang - SOuth SUlawesi -Indonesia


- on 1998 until 2001 working at Bali International Airport Project Phase II, IBRD loan- Japan


- 1992 until 1996 at Suralaya Steam Power Plant Unit 5,6 &7 - Suralaya - west Java-


Indonesia





it more than 20 years I have been working in many kind of construction project, from east to west part of Indonesia, in more than 5 islands. It's many island of Indonesia that I could not visit yet. Although I never going outside the country yet, I love working in some projects in some islands in my country with many kind of local people and culture etc. I hope next time I will can visit some other country either for job or just as a tourist with my family...hopely



Regards,